"As creators/authors, we are expected to acknowledge any materials or ideas that are not ours and that have been used in any way, such as quotation, paraphrase, or summary. The term 'materials' means written, oral or electronic products, and may include the following:
Basic and common knowledge within a field or subject does not need to be acknowledged. However, if we are in doubt whether the source material is common knowledge or not, we should cite!"
from Effective Citing and Referencing, by the IB Programme of International Education, 2014
When Sources Must Be Cited (Checklist)*
Information that always must be cited—whether web-based or print-based—includes:
If you use specific information of the type just mentioned, document it; otherwise you could be plagiarizing. Better safe than lazy. By citing the source of your information you point to an authority rather than ask your reader to trust your memory or what might appear to be your own idea. Even though you can recall a statistic or a description of a process, for example, citation of such information—if it came directly from a source—gives more credibility to your writing and underscores the accuracy, timeliness, and even the potential bias of your information. In short, be honest, smart, and safe.
*from Penn State University College of Earth and Mineral Sciences
MLA format requires in-text parenthetical references.
There are only two reasons to use footnotes or end notes:
To be perfectly clear, footnotes and end notes do count against your total word count.
There is plenty of available support, so please take advantage:
Work Cited
"Are Notes Compatible with MLA Style?" Ask the MLA. Modern Language Association, 2016. Web. 14 June 2016. <https://style.mla.org/2016/02/29/using-notes-in-mla-style/>.
The entire range of our databases are available to use. This particular list centers on what you will typically need for your essays, but feel free to use the others. All items listed below are directly linked to the database opening page.
| Database | Description | Best Fit Subjects |
|---|---|---|
| EBSCO |
EBSCO features articles from newspapers, magazines, peer reviewed journals, and reference materials in an array of subject areas. For virtually any topic, one can find current, authoritative results. |
All subjects |
| JSTOR |
A collection of academic journals, letters, images and other primary sources appropriate for Diploma students.You will create your own account in order to access material and customise folders. See your librarian for support in creating your account. |
All subjects |
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A database designed to support global awareness. Authoritative content empowers learners to critically analyze and understand the most important issues of the modern world. |
Economics, Geography, Sciences, World Studies |
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A reliable starting point to begin research projects in American Literature, British Literature, Criminal Justice, Economics, Philosophy, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, U.S. History, Western Civilization, and World History. |
Economics, History, Lang & Lit, Psychology, Sciences |
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Database designed to support science, social studies, current events, and language arts presents each side of important issues and empowers learners to develop information literacy and critical thinking skills. |
Economics, History, Lang & Lit, Sciences, World Studies |
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Abounding with countless options for author searches, title searches, biographies, literary criticism, and literary terminology. |
Lang & Lit |
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Critical responses to the writings of the world's most renowned novelists, poets, playwrights, short story writers, scriptwriters, and other creative writers while providing supplementary biographical context and bibliographic material. |
Lang & Lit, Theatre |
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Literature Resource Center is a research-focused literary destination, providing students, academics and researchers authoritative and relevant results on demand. |
Lang & Lit, Theatre |
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LitFinder covers world literature and authors throughout history, and contains a wealth of literary works and secondary-source materials, including over 150,000 full-text poems and more than 800,000 poetry citations, as well as short stories, speeches, and plays. |
Lang & Lit, Theatre |
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Database designed to support science studies by providing contextual information on hundreds of today's most significant science topics and showcase scientific disciplines that relate to real-world issues. |
Sciences |
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Environmental Studies is an electronic resource that focuses on the study of sustainability and the environment. Topics include global warming, food safety, access to health care, and the impact of economic development on international relations. |
Economics, Geography, Sciences, World Studies |
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Designed to support U.S. history studies and provides an overview of the nation's past, covering the most-studied events, decades, conflicts, wars, political and cultural movements, and people. |
History | |
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Database designed to provide an overview of world history covering the most-studied events, cultures, civilizations, religions, people, and more. |
History | |
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Perfect for researchers at all levels, this comprehensive consumer health resource provides authoritative information on the full range of health-related issues, from current disease and disorder information to in-depth coverage of alternative medical practices. |
Psychology, World Studies |
According to the Princeton University Library, a primary source is a "document or physical object which was written or created during the time under study." They go on to provide clarity to the primary source question:
Examples of primary sources include:
Find out how a primary source differs from a secondary source by visiting their web page.
